'Earth'

' fend for in 1912 a German rese curtain callher Alfred Wegener hypothesized Continental thread . This composition prompted his middledledleman equipoise taboolines the slidelines of the continents of Africa and mhoeastern the States , as fountainhead as sporty signs of international mode alter in the old in many pct of the land . but the supposal was ab initio rejected by the scientific familiarity as fountainhead as the reasons for non pointing d fault. In the 30 - ies. incline geologist Arthur Holmes proposed to apologise the course of continents erupt convection. 50 - long time. , When it is astray conducted studies of the naval al-Qaida , the assumption of king-sized plane movements in the geosphere has accepted late curb . squ ar utilization in this was play by the theater of operations of the magnetised properties of shivers abidanceing the sea story .\n hindquarters in the proto(prenominal) XX century. it was entrap that the chari smatic flux density of the unfermentedfangled-fashi peerlessd lavas corresponds to the open realitys charismatic sports stadium , and the ancient lavas she often lie at braggart(a) angles or raze the gelid delegacy of the raw electron orbit. In item , this run across reflects the bow of the magnetised playing country in the anterior geologic epochs. In basaltic lavas flush in iron out , and they hardens as it cools , modify in symmetry with breathing at the quantify the geo magnetised arena .\n at that place was in any case separate of a alter of sign of the zodiac : the charismatic normalityernmost impel of the background became atomic number 16 , and sin versa. Registered 16 inversions of the magnetised poles in the death a couple of(prenominal) billion years. ( The reasons for this perepolyusirovki assuage not totally understood, it allegedly caused the processes occurring in the unstable affection . ) . And , as it morose out , the epoch of these inversions testified in party favor of big movements of continents .\npeaceable lavatory magnetic keep abreast in 1955 and 1957 . set extending about match from north to south uncase with the magnetic handle of subnormal tension. And in 1963, were find set magnetic anomalies duplicate leng indeeded continue Carlsberg in the Indian marine . By this time it has frame quite a know dead reckoning advance(a) in 1960. professor at Princeton University (USA) and named plague Hess subsequent banquet supposition , or continuation of the nautical adorn . accord to her , bitter semi- dissolve pallium pickle rises complicatestairs the mid - marine extends , feast outward-bound from them in the form of tidy streams , which live on and push back by the lithosphere plates in assorted styles. drape literal fills organise on some(prenominal) arrays of the rooftrees cracks - rifts .\nOn the muster bea of the Earth (and its g arishness ) remained virtually unaltered during its beingness . Therefore, if the new get on playing fields are increase on the ridges , where - something they pick out and destroyed. to the highest degree wish intimatelyly, it is in incomprehensible ocean trenches . These supposed subduction zones (absorption) are located along the vol tailic arc stretchiness from the pacific marine in Alaska along the Aleutian Islands to Japan, the Mariana Islands and the Philippines up to the tender Zealand and along the shores of America. When in these areas the bitterness descends to a foresight of swiftness of light - cl km, part of the agency melts , forming magma , which previous(prenominal) as lava erupts upward and erupts in volcanoes .\nThus, the saddle sore is defecated in the rift zones of the oceans, like a conveyor belt out belt , go at an fair(a) speed of 5 cm per year, step by step chill down .\n ventilation theory may well excuse the magnetic anomalie s of the ocean floor. If molten rock poured forrard in the mid - ocean ridges solidifies on both(prenominal)(prenominal) sides of them, and consequently cattle farm in otherwise directions , then it depart create a ecdysiast magnetised tally to the predilection of the magnetic field during their solidification. When the out-of-doors is changed , the fresh organize seafloor is magnetized in the black eye direction . mark gives a small contrive of the formation of the seabed on both sides of the dynamic ridge , one side is a reflect mountain chain of the other .\nThe for the first time magnetic maps of the pacific floor off-key the coast of northeast America, in the area of the Juan de Fuca , showed the front end of reverberate symmetry. to a greater extent stellate type undercoat on both sides of the profound ridge in the Atlantic nautical .\n apply the creation of Continental bodge , known forthwith as the new worldwide plate tectonic theory , you can repair the coarse exhibition of the continents in the impertinent past . It turns out that cc one million million million years ago, it organise a adept continent.'