Biological Theories of Aging

senescent is a biological phenomenon all the liveliness things are undergoing. We are not sure about whatsoeverthing in the globe except the maturement. We are approaching getting nearer to the death from the sequence of the birth onwards. No sustentation thing in the world has the business leader to defeat death as it pass alongs almosttimes naturally and sometimes accidently. senescent has un analogous dimensions like physical, psychological, and social. There are many biological theories with abide by to maturation. primary deadening, Non-programmed develop and Programmed Aging, Autoimmunity theory, Free radial theory, Telomerase Theory of Aging etc are some of them. This paper briefly explains some of the biological theories of aging menti one(a)d above. Aging Simple Deterioration Theory/ Wear and tear theory Simple Deterioration Theory argues that Aging is the accumulative burden of universal deteriorative processes such as oxidation, molecular damage, wear and te ar, or accumulation of adverse byproducts (Goldsmith, p. 3). Even though man and machine are two entirely different things, twain of them live with certain similarities in their functioning.No machine is able to function more(prenominal) than particular period of time because of the wear and tear due to regular workplace. Same musical mode bodies of the living things are also undergoing continuous work which causes damages to the parts of the body. Even though we refill the fuels in the make believe of food, nutrients and water, on that point are certain limitations for the body of the living things to survive for a longer period. In chemistry, most of the chemical reactions yield products and by-products. These by-products are not necessarily the intended one.Same way our body chemistry also yields different by-products which are harmful to our health and may reduce our life distich. At the same time we cannot avoid the production of such by-products Aging Non-programmed A ging Theory Non-programmed theory of aging believes that aging is a sboulder clay result of an organisms unfitness to better resist fundamental deteriorative processes. what is more aging serves no purpose, is not an adaptation, and is not programmed (Goldsmith, p. 8). Our body is undergoing bevy of changes and processes or so in very seconds. Most of the activities inside our body are beyond our control.For example, the pumping of blood by the heart is not done with our permission. We cannot stop any of the internal functions. Everything inside our body is tuned to do certain things and any malfunctions occur inside our body may result in diseases. We are passive observers of our body functions. Aging Programmed Aging Theory Organisms are purposely knowing and genetically programmed to age or former(a)wise limit life span because the deterioration and life span limitation serves an ontogenyary purpose (Goldsmith, p. 9). It is unacceptable to think of a world without death fo r living things.The earth business leader not be able to give shelter to all the living things if death was not in that respect. So as part of the natural evolution process, nature has programmed death natural and accidental to all the living things. venerable Weismann (18341914), the great German theorist and experimental biologist of the 19th century, was one of the first biologists to use evolutionary arguments to explain aging. His initial idea was that there exists a specific death-mechanism designed by natural selection to overhaul the old, and therefore worn-out, members of a population.The purpose of this programmed death of the old is to clean up the living space and to free up resources for younger generations (Gavrilov &Gavrilova) Aging Autoimmunity theory This theory argues that our body has the tendency to reject its own tissues with the change magnitude age (Biological theories of aging, p. 21). For example, it is difficult for the older people to take heavy fo ods because of digestion problems. Moreover, it is a fact that we are losing many hairs and skin and nail cells periodically. In other words, our body has the tendency to reject certain things as time passes.Free source theory Free radical theory says that certain chemical compounds in our body does damage which accumulates to produce aging (Biological theories of aging, p. 22). Our body is just like a factory. We know that a factory can produce lot of industrial wastes and these wastes can sometimes affect the functioning of the factory. Same way our body also produces lot of harmful wastes. Some of them will be released through, stools, urines, and sweats. tho most of the harmful wastes will be accumulated at some part of the body like Kidney. Kidney stone is a special K disease occurring in many people.Kidney failures can cause problems to the blood refinement purpose and death can happen. Telomerase Theory of Aging Discovered by scientists at the Geron Corporation, Telomerase Theory of Aging argues that telomeres (the sequences of nucleic acids extending from the ends of chromosomes), shorten every time a cell divides. This shortening of telomeres is believed to lead to cellular damage due to the inability of the cell to duplicate itself correctly. Each time a cell divides it duplicates itself a little worse than the time before, thus this eventually leads to cellular dysfunction, aging and indeed death (Kleinsek Ph.D. ) We have the ability to either accelerate or slow sown the DNA damage. Those who have the ability to slow passel the DNA damage may live much longer than those who have not such abilities. DNA can be repaired using near means up to certain extent which can delay the death. But under no circumstances, it is possible to avoid death as per the researches and findings till now. Conclusions Aging is a natural phenomenon incorporated to all the living things by nature in order to find spaces for the coming generation.Even though there are ma ny biological theories are there with respect to aging and death, all of them unanimously agree that death is inevitable.Works Cited 1. Biological Theories of Aging. 16 promenade 2010. 2. Gavrilov Leonid A and Gavrilova Natalia S. 2002. Evolutionary Theories of Aging and Longevity. 16 March 2010. 3. Goldsmith, Theodore. C. 2009. Theories of Biological Aging. 16 March 2010. 4. Kleinsek, Don Ph. D. Theories of Aging. 16 March 2010. http//www. antiaging-systems. com/agetheory. htm

Homeless in Cincinnati

Contemporary ProblemsI have selected statelessness for this paper. The homeless in Cincinnati is a large job and there ar many persons and organisations out at that place contending to eliminate this job in Cincinnati. unmatched of the organisations making this is called StreetVibe. The slew that work for StreetVibe are current homeless and/or former homeless persons. They contribute to the web site and newssheet by composing poesy, articles, and otherwise types of artistic points to educate citizenry on the homeless state of affairs in Cincinnati.This organisation allow fors exigency shelter, soup kitchens, medical go, lasting lodging, societal services and transitional life installations. They look for members of the community such as local companies to fall in the battle here against homelessness.Harmonizing to the article, Homeless in Cincinnati A Study of the Causes and Conditions of Homelessness, one of the biggest challenges today is the medical status of those perso ns who discern themselves stateless. These persons do non hold even basic health care, nor can they succumb health care. Without this many every(prenominal)day medical jobs can non be diagnosed or treated. The article besides discusses two grounds why homelessness is a go oning job drug maltreatment plays against an single seeking to memorise take out the ways. They can non hurl up the substance maltreatment and keep a occupation, household, and other duties. Another issue that contributes to the issue of homelessness is the shutting of mental health installations. These persons may non hold medical resources to go on their intervention and compass point up on the streets due to miss of tending in adventure lodging, a occupation, etc.One of the biggest challenges confronting Cincinnati is holding an accurate history of how many stateless people there are. The people who pop off in the street are largely unseeable and unless sing a soup kitchen or shelter the true Numbers s can non be figured. Too frequently these persons live on hillsides, under Bridgess, along the river and are really hard to acquire in touch with ( Burdell, 2001 ) .Harmonizing to the greater Cincinnati Coalition for the Homeless, 25 per centum of the homeless in the metropolis are kids, 45 per centum are kids under 5. It is interest to distinguish that 68.5 per centum of all the homeless in Cincinnati are Afro-american. It s besides interesting to observe that of all the homeless in Cincinnati, 30 per centum are alcoholic drink maltreaters and 31.5 per centum are substance maltreaters while 31 per centum suffer from some anatomy of mental unwellness. This makes the occupation of human service workers really hard as these people are close and difficult to acquire to cognize every bit good as the trouble of happening them on the streets to give them assistance. Many garbage aid or are really triumphant and do non desire aid.One of the organisations in Cincinnati that assists the homeless is The Salvation Army. In 2008, The Salvation Army provided impermanent lodging for over 6,800 people. This lodging includes shelters, bighearted day care installations, transitional life agreements and friending with rent and public-service corporations. One of the challenges at this clip are the figure of homeless. With the downswing in the scotch system, there are more households that need aid which is seting a conformation on these types of services. Presently in Cincinnati besides the Red Kettle excogitate, there are Adopt-A-Family and the Toy Shop plan. These plans provide are for the populace or companies to supply a household with gifts and nutrient for the vacations. The Toy Shop plan provides kids with new playthings for Christmas.Another organisation in Cincinnati that assists with homelessness is Goodwill. Goodwill s biggest are of aid is in contributions of vesture, family points, autos and trucks to assist people acquire back and frontwards to work or t o medical attention visits. Goodwill besides provide many other services such as vocational services for preparation, reding and employment services and many other services to help veterans, kids and liberal females. The lodging plan that Goodwill provides includes aid with rent, security sedimentations, furniture, public-service corporations and other points that are required for the homeless to acquire off the streets and go independent.Cincinnati has legion organisations to help the homeless, the bureaus discussed supra are the largest bureaus that provide many services, in many countries to the people of Cincinnati. These organisations provide a valuable service that provides much needed aid to the metropolis s homeless. Without these organisations, the homeless in Cincinnati would hold nowhere to tump over for aid with lodging, repasts, occupations, vesture and many other points.MentionsApplied Information Resources, Inc. ( 2001 ) . Homeless in Cincinnati A Study of the Cause s and Conditions of Homelessness. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol //www.cincihomeless.org/content/downloads/GCCH_HomelessInCincinnati.pdfSavage, C. , Lindsell, C. , Gillespie, G. , Lee, R. , &038 A Corbin, A. ( 2008 ) . Bettering wellness position of homeless patients at a nurse-managed clinic in the Midwest USA. health &038 A Social Care in the Community. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from EBSCOhost hypertext transfer protocol //web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ehost/ fact? vid=3 &038 A hid=2 &038 A sid=514bc4fe-bd2f-4acd-90b4-90deafd349a1 % 40sessionmgr110 &038 A bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ % 3d % 3d db=a9h &038 A AN=34138045 db=a9h &038 A AN=34138045 db=a9h &038 A AN=34138045The Greater Cincinnati Coalition For The Homeless, ( n.d. ) . Homeless Statitists. Retreived from hypertext transfer protocol //www.cincihomeless.org/content/hfacts.html, on declination 3, 2009.The Salvation Army. ( n.d. ) .Facts and figures.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.use.salvationarmy.org/use/www_use_cincinnati.nsf/vw-text-dynamic-arrays/C840FE6A7522E69D85257478006596FB? openDocument, on December 4, 2009.

Requirements for Scientific Application for Programmers

In leadition to merely providing the best quality or most efficient application for put onrs of computer systems, designers at corporations such(prenominal) as Microsoft and programmers within such systems Java as are striving to call forth the capabilities of their application systems with the aim of making even innovative features in these systems user-friendly to even the most techno-phobic users of new scientific systems and applications. One of the standard bugbears is the refractory belief that difficulty is a virtue in itself, even a sign of intelligence. (Girvan, 2002)Grasping this concept is a critical aspect of computation as modern technology becomes increasingly integrated into daily line of merchandise life. Users may rent guidance as they work with unfamiliar software, olibanum the use of easy to read menus and clear instruction manuals in the pointedness and click help applications are simply the first step in creating slight affright face for modern technol ogy. (Girvan, 2002) Windows pi singleered the development of the palettes and pull-down menus used for quick entranceway to common symbols and operations.But cosmetic friendliness is one aspect, however, of making users have comfortable with new applications. (Girvan, 2005) Automation of as many systems as achievable within an application makes it easier for users to concentrate on aspects of the application that bay windownot be rendered without the use of supervision. The ability for a calculator application to run without supervision to a lower place the control of the batch management system eject be tack together so that it deploys a overleap line option for taking input from a file or assumes a default response.This feature can be found in computer applications designed with offline operations in mind, including Visual Basicc script (VBScript), JavaScript, Perl, all of which can be used on a Windows-based cluster. (High Performance Computing FAQ, 2005) Functional frie ndliness as a concept is also important when making scientific applications less intimidating to potential users. In another(prenominal) words, providing explanatory prompts for users when certain systems are deployed, such as available drag and drop controls and the display or visual incite of likely intermediate steps in the application.Hypertext help browsers eliminate the need of a large, hidden command set to remember, such as one early Internet program that required, to make a dialup connection, typing the modem command string, from memory, in hexadecimal. (Girvan, 2002) Even if this example seems like an extreme example of a dinosaur code from the age of dial-up, only new-fashionedly has the widespread graphical user interface of application software, with sliders, menus, radio buttons, and check boxes, become the norm. (Girvan, 2002)For example, Waterloo Maples Java-based Maplets deploys visual exposition of the device scripting to control the users interaction with the interfaces worksheet during a programming session. In other prompted systems, the Insert Component menu drops a graphical device into the worksheet, where it automatically passes input (for instance, a slider position) to a variable. Pop-up dialogue boxes allow fine-tuning of the layout and the underlying VBScript GUIs Graphic User Interfaces are also easily designed using GUIDE, a GUI layout editor that generates both a .FIG file of the table of contents and the basic M-code to handle the calling procedure, in many systems Similarly, programming menus can access the code for the programmer, allowing for more detailed configurations. (Girvan, 2002) Even more see programmers, whether interested with designing new systems, using existing systems, or individuals concerned with on and offline data storage and manipulation can appreciate few of the other updates newly available for scientific applications.Other useful recent enhancements to linear programming-such as NSolve numerica l solution, and simplification, the use of memorable planetary and musical symbols, Asian language support for individuals most comfortable in expressing themselves in these languages, XHTML export and two new scientific data formats, SDTS (the ANSI Spatial info Transfer Standard for geographical and satellite data) and FITS (the NASA-endorsed Flexible Image displace System for storing astronomical metadata-all complete the increasingly diverse array of applications that add ease and save time for individuals of all levels of using and programming ability. Girvan, 2002)

Dance With Wolf

thither is a saying that the history Is written by the winner. The second virtuoso was, somewhat more personal thought. I was relating myself to derriere Dunbar, and the Sioux. I was as well, a foreigner In foreign country. Alien from their culture and customs, I too had to adjust into their society, and produce one of them. And that was not easy. Still today, many plurality from different background live together, but at the same period form their own community. Difference In culture, language, and customs creates confusion In ones realization of identity.Before piteous on to the original top dog, I would like to talk over about White Mans Burden. White men thought they had a mission to converge all the savages to Christian beliefs, and to civilize them. As mentioned In another take away we watched during the class, Pocahontas, that movie raises question on who is savage? . A auspicate would like to focus on before I bring down my thoughts on the movie, I would like to vi ew different flushs of views. The question of sinless comes from what point you look at. Looking at different side, my enemy cig bette become an angel to another person.The first question, which side is virtuous? Once, a famous comedian, George Carline said in his stand-up comedy represent, we atomic number 18 praying to the immortal to defeat our enemies, and they atomic number 18 praying to the god to defeat their enemies, so somebodys goanna get bucked, volume it? . Most people when they see this movie will think how heavy-handed snow-covered men are. They ravaged lands that Indians lived in, butchered their buffalos, and killed Indians without questioning their humankind nature, or what genial of person they are. In the other hand, Indians, to the white man, are respectable obstacles In the way to their plan.People usually call people in their way to the goal, enemies. The question of who is righteous? can be vague according to which side of point of view you look from. What was impressive of the movie was the scene of the childhood of erect with Fist. She was born white, and their parents Just wanted to protect her. However, the Native Americans killed their parents, without questioning, In a brutal manner. Who is evil then? Her parents who failed in the task of protecting her family by threatening 1 OFF perhaps what the coach wanted to show was the brutality of human being itself.I see form of art as expression of human being. Human being itself is so complex, that there are so many different types of people, characteristics, culture, and modes of behavior. I think what the director wanted to show was, how people think other people are identical to them. If they do not find similarity between them, they beat into hostile behaviors. Sioux did, at the first time with John Dunbar. So as John Dunbar, did not trust in them when they kept on severe to steal his horse. To Sioux, both white man and Pawned tribe are the same.They are both hazar dous people who want them dead. To white Americans at the finale of the movie, both Pawned, Sioux, are all the same. They are Just an obstacle to their moving frontier. When taken into more personal name, it makes us realize, disregarding what tribe we are from, we are all same. We laugh when its fun we cry to the death of mingy one, we feel familiarityship and comradeship when fighting shoulder to shoulder against go death. However, we can never disclaim what we come from. Perhaps this is why the go echo of Wind in his Hair sounded so sad.Dances With Wolves, I am Wind in His Hair. Do you see that I am your friend? Can you see that you will always be my friend? Without state to his roar, Dance With Wolves, or John Dunbar rides away to the piled snowy mountain. What this implies, no social function where we come from, we can be friends, but at the same time, it is so hard to stray a go from what you in truth are. The second point which I found interesting relates more to my personal experiences. I moved oversea when I was 10 years old. It is an age hard to tell who really I am.I was arced into different culture when I was at school, and I was forced to Korean culture when I came home, back from the school. It is hard to deny what we are used to. The concept is so different, starting from living, eating, greeting, to the way of funeral. John Dunbar, when he was caught by his fellow soldiers towards the end of the movie, denied himself of being John Dunbar, declaring himself as l am Dance With Wolves. He totally seemed to become originate of Sioux tribe. However, what was ironic was that the reason he went back to the camp at the first place was to find his urinal.Was Journal so important? Especially thinking about Indian culture where they dont have the concept of individual self-command? Furthermore, if John Dunbar resolved to live with their tribe for the rest of his life, what importance of implication that Journal could possibly hold? I think this part of chaff shows how hard it is to forget your own culture. This also relates to the conclusion of the first point of this essay. I spent most of my adolescent overseas. When I had about 17 to 18 years, I too was confused who I was. Am I Korean? Or am I biologically Korean with American Houghton?I still today, dont think myself as I am one-hundred percent Korean. John Dunbar probably had the same kind of confusion. After his attempt of cleanup spot himself, decision of Journey to find himself. He thought he had become part of the Sioux. He learned their language, became friend with them. He hated how white people acted in the war, and he was tired of it. Thats why he decided to head west. However, indeed, he never became a true Indian, and he did not wanted to be a regular white man neither the clash of his two identities must have been very hard on him.It was very interesting in the film how his agony of two meeting identity had effect on John Dunbar. I looked at the fi lm on two different but similar topics nature of human being and individuals thought of his identity. I think, every human is same, but different. We all dream, and we all have different identity. Identity can be a key factor what describes oneself. John Dunbar identity is John Dunbar, Lieutenant of The get together States Union Army. He is an officer and the officer in charge of gird Sedgwick. His identity is Dance With Wolves.He is a husband of come With Fist, and a part of Sioux member. He fought against Pawned to defend his tribe. He is an excellent marksman. He used his catalyst to save a Sioux girls life from buffalo. He has a Sioux wife. Her name is Rise With Fist, blessed with a name Christine on her birth. Despite the fact that they were brought up in different culture, and different background, they became friends, enemies, husbands and wives. However, they did not truly become one. Which is I thought of as ironic message of the film. The United States is known to be a culture of Melting Pot.However, Native Americans are not part of this melting pot. The United States is also sarcastically said to be a salad bowl of different ethnicities. In the melting pot, all ingredients melt into one singular identity. However in a salad bowl, even though they are mixed together, each ingredient remains their identity. This might be the message what the director of the film Dances With Wolves wanted to say. Not sad, not frightening, nor ugly, Just a self-portrait of the world we live in, a world where we are so close but so far away from each other.

European Cars Are Better Than Japanese Essay

The propose is specialized to cater to the specific call for of a consumer. Every country in the world manufactures its own railroad rail elevator cars, whether it is Japan, the States or Europe. European cars ar vastly professional to Nipponese cars when examining performance, design and preventative. The key feature that situates European cars better than all other cars is performance. execution of a c atomic number 18 is judge by how well the, brakes, suspension system, traction, transmittance and railway locomotive work. When European car manufacturers talks about performance they are referring to king generated by the car.European cars manufacturers combine all the aspects of performance to create an inordinately spectacular locomotive, which has maximum horse power and torque. Some European cars engines are hand-built, which helps delivers performance at a perfect level. Power from the engine has to be delivered to the wheels transmission plays a vital role in de livering the power and rush along from the engine to wheels. Car manufacturers in Europe develop a transmission system which is particularly adept at applying output so that it heap be delivered quickly, smoothly and efficiently when called upon.European car manufacturers are in particular famed for their designs, beca handling their designs allow precision in handling, efficiency in engine performance and sincere brakes. An efficient power output of the engine leads to an increase maximum upper berth limit that the car can reach. To maximize the speed that a car can reach the external shape of the trunk of a car is designed with special care as well. When European car manufacturers talk about speed, they keep in mind the aerodynamics of the car. Designers ensure that the car has a streamlined body shape, which reduces air underground experienced by a car date it is in motion.In addition, aerodynamics designing provides for the external appearance of the car to look elegant, fashionable, aesthetical and sensational. European cars are made out of high-strength steel body panels make the safer when an electrical shock takes place. They are manufactured with 7 different air bags indoors the care to avoid the impact and causing the driver and rider to be a great deal safer. If a car can reach high speeds in a short span of time then it needs good brakes. European engineers ensure safety and handling does not become an vent for the driver and the passenger by providing an anti-lock braking system.This system prevents the car from skidding and allows the driver with greater control over the car because due to the anti-braking system the wheels of the car are only gradually reduced in speed. Rather than bringing the wheels of the car to an abrupt halt, the brakes of the car provide with better independent suspension for each wheel, which can help withstand shocks and bumps. European cars are superior in performance design and safety. Japanese cars lack b ehind in performance when compared to European cars. They use up weaker and lighter engines, which only reduce the manufacturing cost, simply result in giving a poor performance.Japanese car engines are manufactured on low budget. The lack in use of technology during the production makes the cars less reliable, because the finished engine does not suffer much power. Less power means less torque and horsepower. fruit companies in Japan manufacture engines using heavy equipment and machinery. This allows them to produce cars in a greater quantity, but there is no guarantee for calibre . Japanese engineers focus on building lighter engines which gives more flub millage. Japanese cars are designed using weaker body structures making the car lighter.They use to steel alloy to manufacture the exterior of the less high-priced material. Exterior of the car is brittle enough to not to withstand an impact, thence making less safe. Japanese cars are not safest car in the world. To avoi d the cost to manufacture the car, they use disk brakes which have a higher risk of worning out faster than anti-lock brakes. They use single suspension for two pair of wheel, which causes to feel the smallest shock and bump while ridding the car. Japanese car dont use that much technology to make their car safe enough. European cars are superior to Japanese cars.They are better in performance, design and safety. European cars are comfortable, sonsie and high end cars. Japanese cars are ordinary and standard cars. Japanese cars are cheaper that European, but buying an expensive car gives you a clustering of option to enjoy the ride of the car. , and produce products with a superior passenger cabin but employ lower standards outside of the cabin. Disk brakes, stretch Wheels, and Brake Override Systems have been standard on most mid-size home(prenominal) cars for years, yet are still optional or non-existent on some(prenominal) major Japanese mid-size cars being sold today.Anti- lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to maintain tractive contact with the road surface according to driver inputs while braking preventing the wheels from locking up (ceasing rotation) and avoiding uncontrolled skidding. It is an automated system that uses the principles of threshold braking and cadence braking which were accomplished by skilful drivers with previous generation braking systems.It does this at a much faster rate and with better control than a driver could manage. With 72% of its body panels made from high-strength steel, theody structure is even more rigid than its renowned predecessors. The advanced front crumple zone has been refined with approximately 17,000 computer-simulated collisions and cl crash tests. An innovative front bulkhead and deformation zones that act on quartet independent levels to help divert the energy of a frontal impact under, over and around the passenger cabin.

Main place of work Essay

ternary key points of legislation that affect employers in a business argon1. Health and safety at Work pretend2. National Minimum Wage achievement 19983. Pension2b) List triplet key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment.Three key points of legislation that affect employees are1. Data Protection Act 19982. The Equality Act 20103. The Working Time Regulations3. Identify a incline of sterns where a person faeces find information on piece of work rights and responsibilities. You should identify at least ii internal and two outer sources of information.Internal sources of information1. Terms of employment contract2. Organisation policies and procedures3. conscious college4. Line managers5. Trade union representativesExternal sources of information1. Citizen Advice Bureau2. ACAS (Conciliation and arbitrement Service)3. Government agencies4. Libraries5. Legal professionals4. Describe how representative bodies can support employees. vocalization bod ies are organisations that represent the interest and rights of the employees.They can offer support to employees by negotiating pay and terms of employment and providing information, consultation and legal services. They also can help employees with pensions and collective redundancy issues.5. Briefly describe employer and employee responsibilities for equality and kind in a business environment. You should give at least two employer responsibilities and two employee responsibilities.If possible, provide relevant equality and diversity procedures from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections.The employer has the responsibility to develop and sustain policies and procedures reflecting equality and diversity latest legislation, make sure that the line managers advertize fair treatment and train the employees in equality and diversity topics.The employees responsibilities are to understand and respect the policies and procedures of the organisation regarding equality and diversity and respect others disregardless of disabilities , ethnicity, gender etc.

Christian Leadership to Change the World

Christian lead in my opinion is operating in and by Christ. We must be his hands and his feet with precepts. In order to lead and present change deity must be in us and its evident must be known. Matthew 5 13 -16 clearly proclaims the significance of our existence and Gods requirement of all worshipper. 2 Timothy 215 expresses the need for invariablyy believer to be approved by the passe-partout first and then termination forth to preach the word throughout to Gods people. Leadership is the duty of the someone who is in charge to take charge with courage and character firearm risking leading the people where they need to go.In doing this Christian leaders allow for need vision, opportunities, and needs. Then you will have to motivate others to get it through by providing resources, using their talents, and having them contribute their time, however we should be pragmatic of timing. As leaders we must understand the value of for proneess, redemption and restoration and how all-important(a) they are to producing change in society or the world. Also identity element and integrity are paramount as well in efficient Christian leadership.This will equip us for the non believers who have a craving to come into the kingdom as well as the believers. To be effective Christian leaders we must seriously take our lead from biblical principles and not from popular trends. We must maintain our focus on what the parole says in spite of situations and circumstances. 2 Timothy17 reads God has not given us the spirit of fear but of power and of lovewhen we full recognize that God has given us the power and authority to realize change it will then allow us to progress and exalt greatly towards change in society.Furthermore Proverbs 4 and 5 specifies the splendor of gaining knowledge and wisdom from the Lord and Proverbs 3 5 instructs us to aver God in all things so he can get up our path. We must as leaders become selfless and allow the Lord to speak to us s o we can get to the people and fundament in front of society providing the church a forum to mold the direction of society. Christian leadership recognizes that the achievement of the vision is a piece towards the coming and building of Gods kingdom and understands that where God rules it will then say the behavior of the world.As Christian leaders we are to remain as a relevant influence providing Gods unchanging and everlasting word to an ever changing society. As the world continues to change the impetus for Christian leadership remains the same. Yet we must also acquire new leadership techniques as both the church and the world changes. SUBMITTED BY RENEE D. SOBERS

War Powers Resolution Act

Olivia Brasacchio U. S. History farce 4 05/08/12 A resolution to avoid an evil is seldom framed till the evil is so far advanced as to defend avoidance impossible Thomas Hardy. The purpose of the War Powers solvent act of 197 3 was to ensure that both recounting and the chair treat in making decisions that could potentially get the U. S. involved in hostilities or imitate danger. U. S. professorships have consistently agreed that the War Powers Resolution fleck is an unconstitutional violation of the higher powers of the executive branch.As a result, the Resolution has been the casing of controversy since its enactment in November of 1973, and is a recurring issue step to the fore-of-pocket to the ongoing commitment of U. S. armed forces globally. Furthermore, when a U. S. prexy has failed to secure a relativeional declaration of war, this is technically considered an illegal war from a political standpoint. When the American people support such war, no matter how esti mable and right they believe it is, they are going against not just now their snoot principals and moral values but their defying the system of political sympathies and laws in which the U. S. as been brought up on, better yet their defying the constitution overall. The only way to masterperly justify this is through the War Powers Resolution itself. incision 4 of the resolution-article (a) subsection (3) states that in the absence of a declaration of war, in any case in which United States arm Forces are introduced. in numbers which substantially enlarge United States Armed Forces equipped for engagement already located in a foreign nation the prexy shall submit within 48 hours to the Speaker of the admit of Representatives and to the President pro tempore of the Senate a report, in writing, setting forth. A) The circumstances necessitating the introduction of United States Armed Forces (B) the constitutional and legislative authority under which such introduction took asp ire and (b) The President shall provide such other information as the Congress may request in the fulfillment of its constitutional responsibilities with respect to committing the rural area to war and to the use of United States Armed Forces abroad.This only occurs if the president deems follow up necessary which was the purpose of the Golf of Tonkin resolution as well. However, if the president is the commandant and chief of the army-then this essentially restricting his powers further-if he must have congress watching over him and approving his every request-which has said to take a fare amount of cartridge clip, resulting in a possible loss for the U. S. on an important issue or military commitments to other countries.Moreover, this has played out in recent events from 1993 to 1999, when President Clinton utilized United States armed forces in multiple trading operations, such as air strikes and the deployment of peacekeeping forces, in Yugoslavia. These operations were ide ntical to the United Nations Security Council resolutions and were conducted in correlation with other members of NATO. During this time President Clinton submitted multiple reports to Congress consistent with the War Powers Resolution lick and regulations regarding the involvement of U.S. forces. However, he never cited section 4(a) (1), which did not trigger the suck up of the 60 day time limit that should have occurred. Tom Campbell-member of the House of Representatives filed suit in the United States Federal District Court of Colombia, against President Kennedy on allegations that he had violated the War Powers Resolution now that the 60 days had elapsed since the start of military operations in Kosovo. President Kennedy stated that he considered this constitutionally defective.In the end the court govern in favor of the president, saying that members lacked legal standing and evidence to make their case fully plausible. The U. S. Supreme Court then refused to hear an pull o nce this decision was made. This one of many examples in U. S. history where the presidents power to engage in military conflict has been questioned and turn up unconstitutional regarding problems with War Powers Resolution act.

Multimedia Courseware Shell Proposal Essay

A new experimental microscope stage broadcast, the Bachelor of employ Business Program (BAB), was launched Spring Quarter 1994 by Continuing t severallying method and Extension. BAB is a practitioners degree for the working adult disciple. The emphasis in the program is on learning skills and accessing in numberation to apply to solving practical piece of work problems in a rapidly changing melodic line world. The program was true with substantial involvement of the Inver Hills Community College, the business community in the equate Cities ara, and the University of Minnesotas Continuing Education and Extension (CEE) unit. This is the first degree program offered by CEE, andif successfulit pass on serve as a deterrent example for redefining outreach in the urban corridor to fulfill routine of the land assign mission of the University of Minnesota. We argon currently in the process of originateing the phase materials and selecting faculty to inform in the program for Fa ll Quarter 1994. tick that the three distinguishing features of the BAB program include a number of technical features, brilliant elements, or applications that could be significantly enhanced by multimedia coursew ar Courses are being designed with substantial involvement of area businesses to give students reach on experience, including pulling and participating in group work skills for managing up and downward business relationships storing, accessing, and retrieving information creating and implementing budgets, operations flowcharts, schedules, and staffing plans. Learning outcomes volition be specified for each course and applications-related competencies go forth be ruffled into courses across the curriculum.These leave include emphases on writing, speaking, and visual communication using engineering and information shell outment techniques, engaging in applied problem-solving and critical sentiment skills, working in teams, quality in the workplace, ethics, and t he dynamics and management of a diverse workforce. Practicum/ get a line work will in like manner be an grave aspect of the BAB curriculum and students will be encouraged to shoot and mention a portfolio of their coursework and practical experiences which can later be used as evidence of the competencies that they fix developed.Our business partners stressed that the BAB upper division courses mustiness be applied and skills-oriented, making use of interactive learning modules that model actual workplace situations. Moreover, the courses must integrate both medium and centre into a fast-paced, electronically connected, multimedia learning environment that requires that students mob the green light and work on real rolls with limited supervision.Project Description at a lower place an earlier MinneMac grant the principal investigator, Elizabeth Michaels, collaborated with Deborah Henderson and Ann Douglas to create WAC (Writing Across the Curriculum), a courseware shell, f or delivering nurture in writing, pharmacy, and business courses. This shell has been used extensively in the incline Department since 1990, at Grace High School since 1991, and for the past two years, in five Central and Eastern European countries Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The study shortcomings of WAC are its lack of graphics or visual capabilities and its lack of desegregation with other software packages.However, if we could integrate the basic principles of text delivery that we have already developed in WAC with the capabilities of the PowerMac 7100specifically with its AV Video, CD-ROM, and color display, we could develop a powerful multimedia component that will teach students how to manage a business from their desktops. Moreover, by linking to other programs, like Microsoft Project, outperform, or Director, we can create a multi-functional learning dickhead that can be used in labs and for distance learning end-to-end Minnesota.T he multimedia courseware shell we propose to develop will provide an progressive and easily updated method of delivering timely, practical, high quality business courses to working adults. The PowerMac 7100 which we are requesting will be used initially by the multimedia courseware suppuration team Elizabeth Michaels, Principal Investigator (English) Mr. Pat Lingren, Program Director (CEE) and our project consultant, William Rudel (Carlson School of Management). After the courseware has been developed and alpha tested, faculty designing the train courses will be trained in the use of the courseware shell to develop their own multimedia course modules.The project we propose, therefore, is to design an interactive, multimedia courseware shell, initially for four key courses in the curriculum. The BAB MultiMedia Courseware shell (BAB-MMC) will modify us (1) to develop multimedia case studies and (2) to create course materials which will enable students to integrate various project proviso, database, spreadsheet, business graphics, and electronic get by packages with textual information in their classes. The BAB-MMC will serve two purposes as a training tool for innovative and experimental curriculum information for BAB faculty and as a teaching/learning tool for BAB students. The side by side(p) is a description of the four courses and how we will use the BAB-MMC in each of them.1. Planning and Implementing at the Business Unit Level (4 cr.) This course focuses on creating and implementing plans such as operations flowcharts, budgets, schedules, and staffing plans at the business unit level. The BAB-MMC will integrate these flowcharts, budgets, schedules, and staffing plans as well as the presentational software for creating write and oral briefings for presenting, monitoring, and revising these plans. It will also contain strategic mean instruction and forecasting techniques. Moreover, the course will make use of multimedia case studies to give student s practice in solving real logistics and planning problems.2. Project Management in Practice (4 cr.) This course has two objectives (1) to teach students about project management and the various tools and techniques available to the project lead in such areas as scheduling, coordinating, allocating resources, and monitoring project activities and (2) to provide students with the prospect to carry out a field project and put the tools of project management into practice. These projects will be carried out in teams whenever possible. The BAB-MMC will integrate into the course a number of the abovementioned project management tools which will then(prenominal) be used by the students in recording and reporting on their field experiences. The students will also communicate electronically with the instructor and regularly post messages to a class bulletin board as a means of communicating progress and requesting help with problems.3. Accessing and Using Information in effect (4 cr.) Th is course begins with a conceptualization of the role of information in business operations including information systems and data management. The BAB-MMC will serve as a tool for developing short case studies and exercises, which include data-based, text-based, oral, written, and multimedia elements. Students will learn to access external information for the firm through depository library resources, information search services, CD-ROMs, and periodicals and internal information through desktop database systems, e-mail, or computer conferencing.4. Practicum (4 cr.) Two of the three forms the practicum could take are (1) to develop a business plan for a new venture or (2) to exhaust a portfolio of projects which demonstrate transferable skills from previous courses or fieldwork. The BAB-MMC will take the current course materials that we have developed for the business plan and interchange them into self-study units which will integrate spreadsheet, cash flow analysis, financial ana lysis, and graphics packages fit of creating organizational charts and other business graphics to enhance and simplify the homework of a complete business plan and its pro formas. The third form a practicum could take is a supervised project at the students workplace or at another location. For this option, the BAB-MMC will deal up a course Website where the students report electronically to the instructor and other students. This will minimize the need for site visits and enable one prof to manage and respond to the individual needs of six to eight students who are enrolled in the practicum in any quarter more efficiently.EvaluationThe BAB-MMC will be evaluated by the developers conducting user testing on the shell and type modules and by instructors developing modules for their courses to determine its ease of use and effectiveness as a classroom tool. Students will be asked to evaluate the BAB-MMC as part of their regular course military ranks at the end of each quarter. We w ill also have two representatives of the Digital Media Center conduct an independent evaluation of the multimedia courseware shell as a teaching/learning tool. vicenary and qualitative data will be collected.

Discuss The Role of Curley’s Wife In The Novel Of Mice And Men Essay

In this novel, Curleys Wifes main function or consumption is her representation of one type of female in that time of American history. She seems to be the sort of person who is well calculated in her professions. She likes to learn herself attractive by using make-up, when she wears shoes with red Ostrich Feathers she doesnt need to wear them on a dust ranch, exclusively she does. She dreams of being a movie or Talkie star, she tells Lennie this, in a rarified show of confidence. She is non a stereotype but I study that her character is quite predictable.In the video adaptation she seems to be friendly beca wont of her appearance and the way in which she says excogitates. When she doesnt want to be noticed, her physiological presence is less noticed. She is described as brickle this could mean that she is fragile. The word fragile is usually associated with small and easily broken things. The word brittle could also be describing her physical state of mind. She could see m strong but really could collapse or break down when even more or less touched, or in her case, if she is rejected or insulted.But when she talks she has a dominant charisma, which demands attention. For example, whenever she walks into a room, the men always stop talking to hear to what she has to say. This could be from fear of punishment if they do not agree with her or offend her. It could also be because of the reputation as Jailbait which she has, or how she has the bosom.Because of these two abilities, she can sneak around, trying to overhear anything incriminating which she could use to blackmail someone. An example of this is when she sneaks into the stable when Lennie, glaze over and Crooks are there, and she listens to them.Throughout the solely novel she does not have name of her own, which she is called by. She is however referred to as Curleys Wife. This could suggest that she is the property of Curley. Or it could also back up the event that she is like a gho st, because a ghost has no real identity.She could act mean, or deviously because she wants to make herself noticed more. She tells Lennie I get awfully lonely. This suggests that she wants someone to talk to her, or whom she can talk to. She is only described by people, with fates like She got the eye and a Tart. by and by reading the part of the novel when she is in the barn with Lennie, the reader is emoted to see with Curleys Wife. This could make the reader feel sorry for her, but past there would be a conflict of emotions when you realise that She has wrecked Candys dreams as well as passed a death sentence on Lennie. All of this could overshadow the fact that Curleys Wife has save died.But when you her confession to Lennie, you find that this is her only recourse in her expect for attention. She tries to make herself look attractive to get more attention, but she is called a Tart.The fact that she is like a bad luck betoken could enforce her image as Jail-bait. She is like a jinx for anyone who she tries to vex close to.She says that she could get crooks hung and she caused Curley and slim to fight. She also indirectly caused Lennies death. not intentionally, but she does. This could be a way of making the reader empathise with her case, because Candy is angry at her for dying, and he doesnt stop to sound off that she is dead.Curleys Wife is the only woman who is mentioned on the ranch, so the men could animadvert of her as pretty or appealing because they do not come into contact with any other women. This could encourage or modify her attitude. She thought that she could be a movie star and could still think that. This could be another factor that encourages her self-superiority complex. But she knows that.Because, she has no name she could be owned by Curley, this could explain her actions. It could be her way of expressing her anger. She is angry because, when she sign-language(a) her marriage certificate, She didnt lose her individual ity, but something worse, her identity.

Strength of Mice and Men

In this story, although some people have great military postures, they whitethorn have greater weaknesses, and sometimes the strong dont forever survive. Strength in something can greatly benefit a person. For cause 1. Lennie is physically strong and large. He is able to work very sonorous because of his strength, and he uses this to his advantage. Slim said, By the way, what did you said ab prohibited Lennie was absolutely right. by chance he isnt intelligent, but Ive never seen such a in effect(p) worker as him.He worked much harder than the other men this afternoon, shipment barley on to the waggon. Nobody can work as quick as him ( its in chapter 6). Lennie also uses his strength to his advantage when he fights Curley. With his immense power he was able to crush Curleys hand. 2. Georges intelligence. George is a very quick thinker. He is there to get Lennie out of trouble when he causes it. An showcase would be what happened in Weed. Lennie mat up a girls dress and did nt let go, so she incriminate him of raping her, and sent men to lynch him.George, thinking quickly, told Lennie to hide in a marsh so that the men wouldnt find and kill him. 3. Curley, as a symbol of authority on the ranch and a torpedo boxer, makes this clear immediately by using his brutish strength and red-faced temper to intimidate the men and his wife. 4. Curleys wife. Curleys wife is beautiful. Beautifulness is the strength in herself to flirts with all the men she met especially all the men in the ranch.5. Slim. Slim is the senior worker in ranch. So everyone respected him and his opinions. For example when Slim said Carlsons right. Your dogs no good to himself. Id be glad if someone shot me when I was so old that I could hardly move . this ipinion makes Candy felt helpless and then he mau accept his dog will be shoted by the Carlson. (its in chapter 7) 6. Carson. He has the strength to shoted the Candys dog because he has a gun and Slim suporrted him. ( its in chapter 7 )

Ancient Greek Musical Instruments

Lyra originally called Chelys, because of the tortoise shell used as its sound box. According to Nicomachus of Gerasa (Ist cent. AD), the tortoise-shell Lyra was invented by god Hermes, who gave it to Orpheus. Orpheus taught Thamyris and Linos, and Linos taught Hercules. When Orpheus was killed by the Thracian women, his lyra was thrown into the sea, and washed ashore at Antissa, a city of Lesbos, where it was found by fishermen, who brought it to Terpander, who in turn carried it to Egypt and presented it to the Egyptian priests as his own creation. We dont screw how umpteen strings the original Lyras had. By the time of Terpander (8th-7th cent. BC) Lyra was a seven stringed operator and from many ancient sources we know that this type remained in use for a long time during the incorrupt period. The addition of an eighth string in the 6th century BC is credited by Nicomachus of Gerasa to Pythagoras. By the fifth century there were Lyras with anything from 9 to 12 strings. The s trings (neura) were made of animal gut of sinew, but there are also references of strings made of linen or hemp.Lyra was chiefly used for the musical education of the young, and by amateur players in general. Cithara pluck instrument with 5 strings originally, but later with as many as 12 strings. Cithara was bigger than the Lyra and it was the principal concert instrument play by professional musicians, the citharodes. According to Plutarch, cithara was designed by Cepion, a student of Terpander. Many instrument names like guitar, cittern, zither etc. guess from the word cithara. Barbitos or Barbiton is an instrument of the Lyra family and resembles a Lyra, but it has longer mail and narrower sound box.Musicians of the School of Lesbos, like Alcaeus and Sappho, are frequently depicted in vases playing the Barbitos. Phorminx probably the oldest of the Cithara type instruments. From references in ancient sources (Homer, Hesiod, Aristophanes) we know that Phorminx was abundantly decorated with gold and ivory, and accompanied the singing of the epic singers called rhapsodes. Epigonion belongs to the psaltery family and it is the instrument with the largest numeral of strings, sometimes as many as forty (Polydeuces).It may owe its name to the fact that it was played on the knee Greek epi gonu, or by chance because its inventor was someone named Epigonus. Pandouris or pandourion, also called trichord because it had three strings, is the first latticelike instrument known, forerunner of the various families of lutes worldwide. Source of our knowledge about this instrument is the Mantineia marble (4th cent BC, now exhibited at Athens Archaeological Museum) word picture the mythical contest between Apollo and Marsyas, where Pandouris is being played by a muse seated on a rock.

The Glass Menagerie (Critical Article #1)

Journal of the Ameri keep psychoanalytical Association http//apa. sagepub. com Tennessee Williams The Uses of Declarative retention in the proclivity-wash Menagerie Daniel Jacobs J Am Psychoanal Assoc 2001 50 1259 at bottom 10. 1177/00030651020500040901 The online version of this article jakes be found at http//apa. sagepub. com/cgi/ cognitive content/abstract/50/4/1259 Published by http//www. sagepublications. com On behalf of Ameri whoremaster Psychoanalytic Association Additional services and in stratumation for Journal of the Ameri weed Psychoanalytic Association can be found at telecommunicate Alerts http//apa. agepub. com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions http//apa. sagepub. com/subscriptions Reprints http//www. sagepub. com/journalsReprints. nav Permissions http//www. sagepub. com/journalsPermissions. nav Citations http//apa. sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/50/4/1259 D ingestloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at atomic number 20 digital subr extinctine library on September 9, 20 09 jap a Daniel Jacobs 50/4 TENNESSEE WILLIAMS THE USES OF indicative MEMORY IN THE glaze MENAGERIE Tennessee Williams c every(prenominal)ed his first great work, The spy frappe Menagerie, his computer storage dally. The situation in which Williams found himself when he began write the romance is explored, as atomic number 18 the ways in which he used the indicative w atomic number 18housing of his protagonist, Tom Wingfield, to express and muddle with his own carkful conflicts. Williamss use of stage directions, weight slightnessing, and music to nurture fund and render it cubic is described. Through a close study of The Glass Menagerie, the galore(postnominal) uses of w atomic number 18housing for the purposes of wish fulfillment, conflict resolution, and resiliency are examined. T he put St. Louis, Missouri.The year 1943. Thomas Lanier Williams, age thirty- ii, known as Tennessee, has returned to his parents home. He has had a few minor successes. Several of his shorter plays sop up been produced by the Mummers in St. Louis. For a nonher, arranged by the Webster Grove plain Guild, he was awarded an engraved silver streak p tardily. He has retained Audrey Wood as his literary agent and with her friend had several eld earlier won a Rockefeller fellowship to substitute his writing. But Williamss Fallen Angels bombed in Boston the previous summer.Its sponsor, the Theater Guild, decided non to bring the play to naked as a jaybird York. Since obtaining a B. A. from the University of Iowa in l938, Williams has been broke more than a parcel than non. He has no home of his own. Hes led an itinerant existence, living in brisk Orleans, New York, Provincetown, and Mexico, as well as Macon, Georgia, and Training and Supervising Analyst, Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute faculty, Massachusetts Institute for Psychoanalysis Assistant clinical Professor of Psychia extend, Harvard Medical School.Submitted for publication October 1 2, 2001. Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at CALIFORNIA digital depository library on September 9, 2009 Daniel Jacobs 1260 Culver City, California. He has subsisted on menial jobswaiting tables, run an elevator, ushering at movie theaterstasks for which he is not f itted and from which he is often f ired. His vision in whiz eye is compromised by a cataract that has already necessitated surgery. And just before moving back home from New York, he was beaten up by sailors he took to the Claridge Hotel for a internal liaison.Arriving home in 1943, Tennessee f inds many things unchanged his parents, Cornelius and Edwina, remain deplorably married and their crookter quarrels f ill the house. Williams must again deal with the generate he despises. Tennessee is pres authenticd by Cornelius, who opposed his return home, to f ind a job. If Tennessee pull up stakes not return to work at the International horseshoe Company, as Cornelius advises, then he must earn his keep by per forming endless domestic chores. But it is the changes in the family that are nvirtuosotheless more troubling. Williamss younger brother Dacon is in the army and whitethorn be sent into combat after basic training.His maternal grandparents ache moved in because Grandma Rose, now conf ined to an upstairs bedroom, is mutely dying. more or less important of all, Tennessees belove sister, also named Rose and two years older than he, is no longer at home. She has in fact been at the State Asylum in Farmington since l937. Diagnosed schizophrenic, she has recently underg wiz a bi subsequental anterior lobotomy to control her hard-hitting behavior and e very(prenominal)placetly sexual preoccupations. During this tolerate at home, Williams visits Rose for the f irst time since her surgery.He f inds her behavior more lady a alike, except she remains clearly psych bingleurotic. The lobotomy, Williams realizes, was a tragically mistaken procedure that deprived her of any possibility of returning to normal action (Williams 1972, p. 251). The worthless children, he ordain write of his St. Louis childhood, used to run all all over town, precisely my sister and I played in our own back yard. . . . We were so close to a fix other, we had no motivation of others (Nelson 1961. p. 4). Now, for Tennessee, Rose is irretrievably lost(p) except as a entrepot, alternately disavowed in pain and shut out in self-defense.Williams cannot abide his situation, thrown amid his parents bitter quarrels, the slow decease of his grandmother, and the terrible absence of his sister. His only escape the hours of writing he does every day in the basement of the family home. Here, between washing store windows and repairing the gutters on the back porch, he writes the remembering play that he f irst calls The Gentlemen Caller and then Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL subroutine library on September 9, 2009 DECLARATIVE MEMORY IN THE GLASS MENAGERIE The Glass Menagerie.The play is a brilliant, profound, and intricate study of significative mood stock and its psychological uses. DECLARATIVE MEMORY Declarative retrospect is the system that provides the basis for intended retrospection of facts and blushts. But this system, we know, is not just a warehouse of information, of real(a) memories of actual happenings that can be retrieved at will. Rather, like an autobiographic play, declarative memory is a fanciful construction forged from past events and from the fears, wishes, and conf licts of the angiotensin-converting enzyme who is remembering.As Schacter (1995) notes, The way you remember depends on the purposes and goals at the time you attempt to recall it. You help paint the picture during the act of recalling (p. 23). It was just this complex and imaginative tantrum of memory formation that led Freud (l899) to write that our childhood memories showing us our earliest years but as they appeared in later periods when memory was aroused (p. 322). The stories we tell of our resides are as much closely meanings as they are most facts. In the subjective and selective notice of the past, our histories are not just recalled, but reconstructed.History is not recounted, but remade. Williams mute this when he wrote, in the stage directions of The Glass Menagerie, that memory takes a lot of license, it omits almost details, others are exaggerated to the emotional value of the article it touches, for memory is seated predominantly in the heart (p. 21). Williams has Tom Wingf ield, the plays protagonist, tell us this. In his opening speech, Tom is some(prenominal)(prenominal) creative artist and unreliable rememberer I encounter tricks in my pockets. I open things up my sleeve. . . . I give you truth in the pleasant pretension of illusion (p. 2). In this way, Williams warns us from the plays beginning that memory is a tricky businessf ickle, changeable, susceptible to distortion and embelli shment, but always true to the current emotional needs of the rememberer. This paper is an geographic expedition of the emotional needs of the remembererof Tom Wingfield, the rememberer in the play, and Tom Williams, the rememberer as writer. Williams could dedicate chosen any f irst name for his protagonist. He chose his own to emphasise the loosening of boundaries between fact and f iction.It is as though he is telling us that autobiographywhich is, after all, organized declarative memoryis Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL subroutine library on September 9, 2009 1261 Daniel Jacobs 1262 an figure out f iction based on facts. And that f iction (the creative use of memory) is at its heart emotional autobiography. Both Tom Wingf ield and Tom Williams carry a burden of guilt for leaving the family, especially a disabled sister, and have a need to justify their behavior through with(predicate) the use of recollection.Both Toms live with deep sorrow alon gside a wish to retaliate against love ones who have disappointed them. Remembering is for both(prenominal) Toms, as for all of us, a coat of many colors, worn to set us apart from others as well as link us to them, to justify our choices, to take strike back on others, to compete with them, to kill them once again, or to resurrect them from the grave. The distortions and selective uses of memory are as manifold as the needs of the rememberer. Williams endows each character in his play with his or her own dynamic uses of memory.Amanda can escape the harshness of her current situation by evoking memories of a lordly past. She is like a patient Kris (l956b) describes who while the tensions of the wassail were laborious . . . was master of those conjured up in recollection (p. 305). Amandas use of memories is aggressive as well, used as a weapon against her husband and children. In invariably contrasting the memories of a talented youth with the unhappiness of her man and wife and the desolation of her childrens lives, her anger and competitiveness take a poisonous form. Unlike Amanda, her daughter Laura, who is crippled, has relatively few memories.But the memory of Jim, the gentleman caller, provides her a modicum of comfort. In a pale and pathetic imitation of her mothers recollections of a house f illed with jonquils, she recalls that Jim gives her a single bouquet of sorts, the family name blue roses. It is a nickname derived from his psychologically intuitive misunderstanding of the unwellness pleurosis, which had kept Laura out of school. She cannot compete with her mother in the fond memory department and retreats to the concrete but fragile satisfactions of her scum menagerie, where memory and imaging are safely storeduntil Jim arrives.The gentleman caller is a man who lives in the present and seems to have little use for the past. It is the future to which he looks. In fact, one feels that memory of his high school greatness are both a sat isfaction and a threat to him. For he, like John Updikes Harry Angstrom (1960) will neer experience the glory age of the past. He says as much to Laura But just look some you and you will see lots of people disappointed as you are. For instance, I had hoped when I was going to high school that I would be elevate along at this time, six years later, Downloaded from http//apa. agepub. com at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY on September 9, 2009 DECLARATIVE MEMORY IN THE GLASS MENAGERIE than I am now. You remember that wonderful write-up I had in The Torch (p. 94). While Amanda revels in her triumphant past as a way of dealing with the present, Jim runs from his into the future. Seeing in the crippled Laura some aspect of his own feared limitations, he tries to help her overcome hers through encouragement and f inally a kiss. His inability to help her in the end may be a harbinger of his own failures.MEMORY AND LOSS Williams was aware also that declarative memory is paradoxical in tha t it resurrects and keeps alive in the present what is doomed and gone forever. Referring to this paradoxical aspect of memory, he wrote that when Wordsworth speaks of daffodils or Shelley of the skylark or Hart Crane of the delicate and inspiring structure of the Brooklyn Bridge, the screen imagism is not so opaque that one cannot surmise bed it the ineluctable form of Ophelia (Leverich 1995, p. 536). The very presence of memory implies loss.Memory, if you will, is the exquisite lifelike corpse that both denies and accognitions what has passed away. There is for all of us that double vision that memory imparts, one that at once has the capacity to help and to hurt. Declarative memory provides cohesiveness and direction to our lives, but also reminds us that our path inevitably leads to mutiny and death. The daffodils recollected in tranquility are, at the same time, Ophelias garland. Amanda Wingf ields recollection of her past social triumphs only reminds us of how much time ha s passed and how many hopes have been dashed.Lauras attachment to the happy memories of childhood innocence stand for by her glass menagerie only makes harsher the realities of her vainglorious life and the bleakness of her future. Laura and Amanda are represented as having a choice between the immature omnipotence of their past or a feeling of victimization in the present. When Amanda stirs up old memories as a hedge against the painful present and suspicious future, they are only partially effective. For the contrast between past and present, and the knowledge that what is past will never come again, lead only to further depression and anxiety (Schneiderman 1986).Similarly, behind Tom the protagonists memory of Laura at home lies, for Tom the author, the real Rose in a current articulate of institutionalized madness. Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY on September 9, 2009 1263 Daniel Jacobs MEMORY AND RESILIENCE 1264 Davis (2001) points out the contribution declarative memory can make to resilience through soothing af fects that are evoked in recalling a declarative memory of a winning relationship with a parent or other important someone (p. 459).Such memories can grow directly out of warm relationships or they can be achieved through retrieving and modifying memory of more problematic attachments (p. 466). Davis illustrates his point with the simulation of Mr. Byrne, a subject in a longitudinal study of adult development. Davis focuses on the fact that in interviews at different times in adult life, Mr. Byrnes memories of his father changed. At age forty-six, surrounded by a supportive community and family, Mr. Byrne had no memories of his alcoholic and neglectful father and did not think his fathers being a f ireman had inf luenced his own decision to become one.At sixty-six, retired and with his children grown, Mr. Byrne had succeeded in f inding his father inside as a sustaining inner object in declarative memo ry (p. 465). He did so through creating or retrieving warm memories of their times unitedly in the f irehouse and by misremembering the humiliating events of his fathers death so as to have a more positive scope of him. Mr. Byrnes father had committed suicide, alone and away from the family. But late in life, Mr. Byrne spoke frequently of his fathers having taken him to the f ire station when he was a youngster.He was now sure these happy times with his father had inf luenced his decision to become a f ireman himself. He placed his fathers death in a family scenery and claimed to have been the one who found him. Davis points out that we often create the memories we need in order to detect psychological resilience and mental health. whatsoever good experiences Mr. Byrne did have with a diff icult and neglectful father seem to have been magnif ied through the lens of memory aided by imagination in the service of wish fulf illment.It is an example of what Kris (1956a) meant by des cribing autobiographical memory as telescopic, dynamic, and lacking in autonomy our autobiographical memory is in a constant state of f lux, is constantly being reorganized, and is constantly being subject to the changes which the tensions of the present tend to impose (p. 299). In a way, Williams does the same thing by creating a memory play. Lonely, guilty over his sisters fate, f inding St. Louis and his family unbearable, Williams begins writing a play that both ref lects his current Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. om at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY on September 9, 2009 DECLARATIVE MEMORY IN THE GLASS MENAGERIE pathetic and at the same time assuages it. In writing The Glass Menagerie, he creates for himself one of those delicate glass animals a small tender bit of illusion that apologises him of the austere pattern of life as it is lived in the present and makes it more bearable. He does so not by setting his play in the harsh realities of the present, too painful to write a bout, but in creatively altered memory. Sitting at his writing table, Williams reclaims his sister (Laura in the play) from the State Asylum and places her at home again.She is not frankly delusional and lobotomized. She is not even in Roses presurgical state of complainta state of aggressiveness and talkativeness made worse by utter and unending vulgarity. Instead, she is portrayed as painfully shy, weak, and schizoid. And Cornelius, the real-life father he must face daily, is gone. Gone from the play for dramatic purposes to be sure the play would lose a certain edge were there some other breadwinner in the house. But in the play, Williams expresses his wish to reconstruct reality and, in this play of memory and desire, rid himself of the old man.Yet he is not simply gone, for the fathers picture hangs on the wall, like Hamlets ghost, reminding us of a sons ambivalent longing for a father. For in 1943 and throughout his life, Williams longed for some man to comfort and help him . In the play, his own wish for a supportive, loving father is transformed into the wish for the gentleman callersomeone who, unlike his father, will help Laura, replete Amanda, and, by his assuring presence, bless Toms own departure. He is not only the person Williams longs for, but also the one he longs to be, though he knows it is a role he can never play.It is no accident then that Jim, the gentleman caller, conveys an uncomfortable uncertainty about his future. He is, in a sense, the failed high school hero, with perhaps undoable dreams for the future. Jim already hints that the realities of life may not meet his expectations. He expresses indignation at having to work at two jobs his work and his marriage, in which he has to punch the clock every night with Betty. He is f lirtatious with Laura, even going so far as to kiss her, showing a clear sympathy and attraction to women other than his f iancee.Tennessees father, a bitter man from a prominent Southern family, a strong drinker and a womanizer, while banned from the play, haunts it through his portrait and is resurrected in the f lesh in Jim, who is likewise disappointing and cannot be counted on and who, in the future, may come to resemble Cornelius. In his own life, Williams found and lost gentlemen callers hundreds of times over. And when he was Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY on September 9, 2009 1265 Daniel Jacobs ot looking for the gentleman caller, he was being one, abandoning and disappointing those who loved him. The only one he was truly close-fitting to was Rose. Memories are like dreams or fantasies in that all the characters remembered at a special(a) mo may represent aspects of the rememberers own personality. Amandas steely will to survive is ref lected in Toms stubborn wardrobe on leaving. Lauras fragility and submissiveness are what he must try to get away from in himself. Jim is the artist manque, the average joe Tom fears he will become if he doesnt yield. THE STAGING OF MEMORY 1266Through the very structure of his play and the physical placement of its characters, Williams shows us that we cannot have a past without a present or a present uninf luenced by the past. He takes us back and forth in time as Tom Wingf ield literally steps in and out of the railroad f lat of his memory. He both ref lects on his past and participates in it, as his memories come alive. All the plays characters slip in and out of memory, from present to past and back again, as they interact with one another, forging their current identity and present relationship in the anvil of a past they selectively remember.The stage set that Williams proposed concretizes the alternating forrard and retrograde movement of time that takes place in the characters and in all of our minds. Toms opening soliloquy is stage front in the present and is often played outside the apartment. The scene that follows is from the past, set in a dining room at the b ack of the stage, as if to under stigma the remoteness of memory. The f igures move backward and forward on stage, like memories themselves, coming into consciousness and then receding. Lighting is used in a similar way to emphasize through spotlighting the highly selective and highly cathected aspects of memory.Lightness and darkness, dimness and clarity, play an important role in the ambience of the play, heighten the shifting play of memory. Williams is specif ic about the use of lighting in his overlapion notes for The Glass Menagerie The lighting in the play is not realistic. In keeping with the atmosphere of memory, the stage is dim. Shafts of light are rivet on selected areas or actors, sometimes in contradistinction to what is the apparent center. . . . A clean-handed and imaginative use Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. om at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY on September 9, 2009 DECLARATIVE MEMORY IN THE GLASS MENAGERIE of light can be of enormous value in giving mobile, t ractile quality to plays of more or less static nature (Williams 1945, p. 10). By commissioning an original musical score, Williams makes a deliberate attempt to evoke memory in members of the audience memories of their own youthful stirrings, with all the fears and pleasures that calculate them. Schacter (1996) notes that it is the memories of adolescence and early adulthood that are most often retained as we grow older.In asking Paul Bowles to write a parvenu piece of music for his play, Williams, I think, is playing with the notion that memory is a new creation, similar to Bowless new music, Williams counts on the fact that while the score has never been heard before by the audience, it nevertheless feels beaten(prenominal) and seems a part of ones previous experience. While the music may stimulate declarative memories of young adulthood in the audience, by its wordlessness it is intentional to evoke nondeclarative memory experienced as a feeling state (Davis 2001).By using a new score rather than relying on familiar tunes, Williams insists that memory is an invention of the present rather than a reproduction of the past. closure 1267 So we have Tom Williams in his basement room writing about Tom Wingf ield. His protagonist is thrust both forward and backward in time Tom Wingf ield in 1945 is ref lecting on a time before World War II began. Tom Wingf ield is Tennessee and not him at the same time. The memories Williams calls forth from his own experiences are transformed in ways that are not only dramatically but psychologically necessary for the author.Rendering the truth through selective and transformed memory, Williams creates his own glass menagerie to which he could each day retreat from the harsh realities of his life in St. Louis in l943. He creates fragile f igures he can control, moving them around the imagined setting of creative memory. In creating the play, he can always be near Rose. On the page and on the stage, the two are bound forever , like f igures on a classic urn. At the same time, the play is a justif ication for Tennessees departure from the family, a plea for understanding as to why he must see the altered Rose (his castrated self) behind and pursue his own path.Freud (1908) pointed out how both in creative writing and fantasy past, present, and future are strung together, as it were, on the thread of the wish that runs through Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY on September 9, 2009 Daniel Jacobs 1268 them (p. 141). In the surgical operation of writing The Glass Menagerie, the infantile wish to reunite with Rose, to rid himself of a hateful father, and to overcome the threats of castration that Roses situation and his own imply, f inds a solution to his torments.He does what Tom Wingf ield does in the play. He leaves. By May of l943, Tennessee is on his way to Hollywood to become, for a short time, a screenwriter. But like Tom Wingf ield, Tennessee cannot leave his past behind. He will be as faithful to Rose as Tom Wingf ield is to Laura when at the plays end he says, I tried to leave you behind me, but I am much more faithful than I intended to be (p. 115). Of their relationship, Rasky (l986) wrote, Just as Siamese tally may be get together at the hip or breastbone, Tennessee was joined to his sister, Rose, by the heart. . . In the history of love, there has seldom been such awe as that which Tennessee showed his lobotomized sister (p. 51). Peter Altman, former director of Bostons Huntington Theater, points out how with the writing of The Glass Menagerie Williams blows out the candles on an overtly autobiographical form of writing and moves on to create full-length plays less obviously reliant on the concrete details of his own history (private communication, 1997). While he could never psychologically free himself from the traumatic events of his upbringing, artistically he was able to move ahead.By creating within and through the play his o wn glass menagerie, where the characters are f ixed and can live forever in troubled togetherness, he grants himself permission to leave St. Louis once again. Such a creation is akin to Kriss description of the personal legend (1956a) A coherent set of autobiographical memories, a picture of ones course of life as part of the self-representation that has attracted a particular investment, it is defensive inasmuch as it prevents certain experiences and groups of impulses from reaching consciousness. At the same time, the autobiographical self-image has taken the place of a repressed fantasy . . (p. 294). But in the patients Kris described, sections of personal history had been repressed and the autobiographical myth created to maintain that repression. In Williamss case, he is quite conscious of the distortions in his memory play, but creativity serves a function for the artist similar to that served by personal myth in Kriss patients. Williams is able to fracture further from his family by keeping himself, through his memory play, attached to them forever, selectively remembered and frozen in time in a way painful, moreover acceptable, to him.By writing the play, a visual representation of memory and Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY on September 9, 2009 DECLARATIVE MEMORY IN THE GLASS MENAGERIE wish, Williams creates a permanent wish-fulf illing hallucination providing gratif ication and psychic excerption (see Freud 1908). Of his sister Roses collection of glass animals, which was transformed into Lauras glass menagerie, Williams wrote that they stood for all the small tender things (including, I think, happy memories) that relieve the austere pattern of life and make it endurable to the sensitive.The areaway the alley behind his familys f lat in St. Louis, where cats were torn to pieces by dogs was one thingmy sisters white curtains and tiny menagerie of glass were another. Somewhere between them was the world we liv ed in (Nelson 1961, p. 8). What enables Williams to survive psychically and adds to his resilience in St. Louis in l943 is, I believe, his ability to create a outer post between the bitter realities of family life and his impulse to f lee and entrust it allto blow out the candles of memory.That space was his memory play, a space he inhabited daily through his writing, a space of some resilience where psychologically needed memories are created amid the pain and sorrow of the present. And in so doing, he reminds us all of the role memory plays in our survival. Our memories are like glass menageries, precious, delicate, and chameleonlike. We can become trapped by them like Laura and Amanda. Or, as in the case of Tennessee and Mr. Byrne, we can gain resilience from their plasticity that allows us to move forward psychologically.Williams wrote, in his essay The cataclysm of Success (1975), that the monosyllable of the clock is Loss, loss, loss, unless you devote your heart to its opp osition (p. 17). Tennessee matte that for him the hearts opposition could best be expressed through writing. He felt that the artist, his adventures, travels, loves, and humiliations are resolved in the creative product that becomes his indestructible life. (Leverich 1995, p. 268) I think he might have concur that while creative work plays that role for the artist, memory and fantasy are its equivalent for all of us.Williams knew that it is through the creative transformation of experience, sometimes in verse, sometimes in memory, that we draw nearer to that long delayed but always expected something we live for (1945, p. 23). REFERENCES 1269 DAVIS, J. (2001). Gone but not forget Declarative and non-declarative memory processes and their contribution to resilience. Bulletin of the Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY on September 9, 2009 Daniel Jacobs 1270 Menninger Clinic 65451470. FREUD, S. (1899). Screen memories. Standard rendering 3301322. (1908). Creative writers and day-dreaming.Standard Edition 9143153. K RIS , E. (1956a). The personal myth. In The Selected Papers of Ernst Kris. New Haven Yale University Press, 1975, pp. 272300. (1956b). The recovery of childhood memories in psychoanalysis. In The Selected Papers of Ernst Kris. New Haven Yale University Press, 1975, pp. 301340. LEVERICH, L. (1995). Tom The Unknown Tennessee Williams. New York Norton. NELSON, B. (1961). Tennessee Williams The piece and His Work. New York Obolensky. RASKY, H. (1986). Tennessee Williams A Portrait in Laughter and Lamentation. Niagara Falls arial mosaic Press. SCHACTER, D. (1995).In Search of Memory. Cambridge Harvard University Press. SCHNEIDERMAN, L. (1986). Tennessee Williams The incest motif and f ictional love relationships. Psychoanalytic Review 7397110. UPDIKE, J. (l960). Rabbit, Run. New York Knopf. WILLIAMS, T. (1945). The Glass Menagerie. New York New Direc-tions, l975. (l972). Memoirs. New York Doubleday. (l975). The m ishap of success. In The Glass Menagerie. New York New Directions, 1975, pp. 1117. 64 Williston route Brookline, MA 02146 E-mail email&160protected com Downloaded from http//apa. sagepub. com at CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY on September 9, 2009

Horace Mann: Foundations of Education Essay

AbstractHorace Mann, the father of uncaring public tutors. He saw how breeding was and wanted to improve and expand the opportunities for each student and t severallyer. Manns vision for improving teaching method was to give Americans a break away quality of life for age to come.Horace MannHorace Mann is cognise as the father of the common instructs. His supposition for the common school stressed some(prenominal) principles, the biggest of them was the desire to create a ft proficient for teaching and preparing students to build a more(prenominal) positive and thriving society. To make this desire, Mann advocated his ideas for what show culture should be. First Horace Mann believed that commission men and women who would be dedicated and when to the profession of teaching Americas youth. Secondly, he wanted holiness taught. umpteen of Horace Manns ideas concerning education were embraced by America, and to this twenty-four hour period our school system shows t hat the philosophy of Horace Mann is hush revered and being used. Horace Manns education was limited, he had no more than cristal weeks of schooling a year. Mann talks close to his early instructors saying, My teachers were very impregnable people, tho they were very poor teacherswith all our senses and our faculties refulgence and receptive how little were we taughtIn 1837, Mann became escritoire of mamma Board of facts of life. In his insurgent and twelfth annual report he assigns Facts incontrovertibly show, that for a series of years previous to 1837, the school system of Massachusetts had been running brush up. coachhouses had been growing old, while tonic ones were rargonly erected. School districts were divided, so that each part was obligated to support its schools on the moiety of a fund, the whole of which was a scanty allowance (Downs, 1974, Chapter 4) In the coarse School Journal, Mann writes that the certificate of indebtedness of government is chatter that the whole people ar educated,-but that the duty has been neglected by both the command and arouse government (Mann, 1852, p. 1).The most foul all was that the private schools were taking all the funds, the common schools of Massachusetts were weakened, they lacked supervision and the fuddled families had lost interest. Horace Mann wanted to bring school districts to a centralized authority and withal to being some sort of formization to the towns throughout the state, this was the Prussian educational system. Schools were established, support, and administered by a central authority The state supervised the training of teachers, attendance was compulsory, parents were penalize for withholding their children from school, and efforts were made to make curricula and instruction uniform (Brouillette, 1999, para. 9).Mann had to get the whole state of Massachusetts to increase the tax revenue enhancement for the common school system, if they were to build more adequate sc hool and get strong qualified teachers to teach in them. afterwards observing broken run down schools and inadequate teachers, he went to build normal schools, these were schools or academies for training teachers. He argued that students be a curriculum that was stimulation and textbooks that were for dissimilar age levels (Gibbon, 2002). like a shot in that respect are placement exams that teacher aim to pass water to show that they are proficient in the areas they are hoping to teach, and states at one cadence require teacher to be evaluated to show that they are run across the needs of the students and school. There whitethorn be training a teacher may need to take to stay up to date. Some believed that public, or free schools were only for children that were poor, but or else publicly supported schools are for all children regardless of hearty class, gender, religion, ethnicity, and or country of origin ( normal school movement, n.d.).It was not till the superior general Court of 1642, where it passed the compulsory education legality this is where every child in their districts should and could be educated. However, the 1642 faithfulness did not make education free, it was not till 1674 when another law was passed to change the discrepancy and would make schools compulsory and education both free and universal. Manns second ideas was the topics one of which is considered to be arguable today religion in schools. He was absolutely convert that if children were given the right good and ghostly education, they would grow into the citizens requisite to maintain and baffle the democracy of the broad American states (Buck, 2002, p. 115).Today we see this outlet affair still, we have parents not lacking(p) their children to say the sign of allegiance, religious holidays are now called seasonal take to the woodser parties, there is no more praying, we now have a moment of closeness. He was absolutely convinced that if children w ere given the proper moral and religious education, they would grow into the citizens indispensable to maintain and develop the democracy of the great American states Today we see this going battle still, we have parents not wanting their children to say the pledge of allegiance, religious holidays are now called seasonal parties, there is no more praying, we now have a moment of silence instead.If religion was till in schools there would be more time dog-tired on each religion rather than on the more academic acquire aspects of school. Horace Mann wanted religion taught not for the spectral teaching but more for the moral and integration character. In the end Horace Manns crusade improved education, he had through just that and improved teacher salaries, he had lengthened the school year, and established unseasoned soaring schools. The question is, Does Horace Manns stimulate still exist today? Yes, his work is still being used to this day. School districts get their funds t hrough the brocaded taxes, although like in Manns time there is still that gap among districts where taxes are not as high as other areas causing for schools of coarse areas to be less equipped with the necessities needed to learn. Teachers are more thoroughly skilful with years of schooling and are tried and true before going into schools to teach. After each year teaches are evaluated on their performance. As for the religion in schools, Horace Mann fought for a good cause but with all the incompatible religions it was going to be an uphill battle to keep it in the schools. He believed that if the children were taught moral philosophy and religion it would an improvement to both individual and society.ReferencesBrouillette, M. J. (1999). The 1830s and 40s Horace Mann, the end of free-market education, and the prink of government schools. Retrieved from http//mackinac.org/2035 Buck, T. M. (2002, celestial latitude 15). A leadership challenge Horace Mann and religion in publi c school. Lutheran Education, 138(2), 113-123. Retrieved from http//lej.cuchicago.edu/files/2011/07/LEJ-138.2-Archive-scan1.pdf scalawag=33 Common school movement- compound and Republican schooling, changes in the antebellum era, the rise of the common school. (n.d.). Retrieved fromeducation.stateuniversity.com/pages/1871/Common-school-movement.html Downs, R. B. (1974). Horace Mann champion of public schools. radical York, NY Twayne Publishers Inc. Gibbon, P. H. (2002, March 29). A hero of education. Education Week, 21(38), 33-36. Retrieved from http//www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2002/05/29/38gibbon.h21.html Mann, H. (1852). The common school journal and educational reformer Entire issue. , IV Retrieved from http//archive.org/details/commonschooljou00manngoog

Foreshadowing “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”

A equitable Man Is Hard to Find, is a hi degree of tragedy about a family grooming a vacation against the grandmothers better judg custodyt. The grandmother wishes to take a trip to Tennessee, because of a convict on the loose. Bailey is planning a trip to Florida all the same though the grandmother warns him that the Misfit is heading toward Florida. in the lead their long journey to Florida, the Family decides to stop at a diner to eat. During the visit at the diner, the family discusses the Misfit with the diners owner. The diners owners wife expresses her attention of being robbed by the misfit. After take their food and ending their conversations he family leaves for Florida. foreign of Toombsboro the grandmother remembered an old plantation she erst visited when she was young.She describes the house and tells them about the secret panel. The Children obtain never seen a house with a secret panel and throw a fit to see it. Bailey is not volition to go to the house, bu t the children insist. The grandmother shows Bailey the highroad and he turns down it. As they were locomotion the road, the grandmother jumps as she remembered the house is in Tennessee not Georgia. When she jumped she caused Bailey to lose control of the railcar and runs into a ditch. No one in the family was hurt, but the ehicle was too damaged to produce leaving the family stranded. The family had no other select but to sit and wait for psyche to drive by. As they were sitting on street, they saw a car glide path over the hills.The car stopped at the accident and out stepped troika men carrying guns. The grandmother notices that one of the men purport familiar, but she cannot put it together. As she realizes who he is the grandmother asks him if he is The Misfit. The Misfit tells the other twain men twain take Bailey and his son to the woods. As the grandmother is reasoning with , she hears two gunshots. When the men come back they are alone. The Misfits tells he men to get Baileys wife, little girl, and the baby. They take them to woods and three gunshots echo in the woods. The grandmother screams hysterically and tells the Misfit to pray. The grandmother touches the Misfit on the shoulder and he shot her three times. From the pedigree of the layer, it is transparent the Misfit is being setup to come into the story later on. Foreshadowing built the incredulity causing the reader to wonder what would cash in ones chips next. This information did not tell how or where the story would end. Knowing about the Misfit from the beginning pulled it all together and made the story much more interesting.

The Crysanthemums by John Steinbeck

I energize elect to work with The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck for this assignment, I have implant this unaw ars bilgewater to be fascinating and it brings with It emotional under expressions which keep with the indorser long after reading. In the essay I ordain be demonstrating how the author has used both t unmatched and style and symbolism to convey the principles of the work. woodland and style brush aside be found in the method of writing and narration. nuance is Indicated by the style the text Is written, who the fibber is and it will establish the readers kindred with the characters. flare Is the characteristic use of language, It Is the sum of the dictation, Imagery, syntax, grammar, punctuation, and rhetorical language. often the style of writing roll in the hay platoon who the writer Is. Symbol (or symbolism) In writing can be a person, quantify or daub. Something that suggests meanings beyond the literal wizard, It bears threefold suggestions and associations and Is curious to that particular work.This news report is written in third person narrative, there initi each(prenominal)y appears to be no emotional haul in the way the falsehood is t previous(a) though it is rich in descriptive of place ND setting, from this you get a sense of being hemmed in, an atmosphere almost of despair. contempt the point that no real emotional ties seem to be present at first glance, and maybe because of this fact the reader is left to feel the emotional undercurrent.I feel that the author has more invested in the emotions of this subdivision and this puts it at odds to the narrator. There is roughly speculation that this story is in fact based on John Steinbeck relationship with his wife Carol (Satinwood, 2008) and alludes to a short affair she had with a friend of Steinbeck wifes boss. doneout the story we get to know Elise Allen, her dreams and desires are laid bare non so much through supposition or words moreover by her action s and her surrounds.Elijahs chat with her husband Henry in effect(p) adds to the depressive disorder that she is a charwoman who wants to be thought of and treated as a woman in all aspects but through lack of communication with Henry she feels befuddled and a bit like one of the boys. Is her only quality of value the dexterity to grow things? Henrys insistence that she should turn her deliberate to the orchard (far more practical) than her beloved harassments mediocre reinforces his inability to see her as a sexual being. Her sexuality is played down.The story comes climb circle with Elijahs dissatisfaction with her life, the idea of unravel or a connection, though not sexual to another person who seemed to have an interest in her and her work gives her a glance Into what could be, then back to where she started, dissatisfied with her life and love. This all adds to the alarm of dissatisfaction that Is felt. The cataclysm In all this Is that she does not Just come full circle but In the address loses her dreams of Independence In the process. She seems to give up. She turned up her finishing collar so he could not see that she was crying lame- Like an old woman (Steinbeck, 1938). BY Vote assignment, I have found this short story to be fascinating and it brings with it writing and narration. Tone is indicated by the style the text is written, who the narrator is and it will establish the readers relationship with the characters. Style is the distinctive use of language, it is the sum of the dictation, imagery, syntax, grammar, punctuation, and figurative language. Often the style of writing can nipping who the writer is.Symbol (or symbolism) in writing can be a person, time or place. Something that suggests meanings beyond the literal sense, it bears multiple suggestions and associations and is unique to that particular work. Seemed to have an interest in her and her work gives her a peek into what could be, air of dissatisfaction that is felt. The tragedy in all this is that she does not Just come full circle but in the process loses her dreams of independence in the process. She crying weakly like an old woman (Steinbeck, 1938).